§40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires

18 U.S.C. § §40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned

• Title: 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure
• Chapter: 2 — AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES

Text

(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b), an individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, or law enforcement or emergency response efforts 1 related to a wildfire suppression, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.
(b) Exceptions.—This section does not apply to the operation of an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law enforcement, or emergency response.
(c) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) Unmanned aircraft.—The term "unmanned aircraft" has the meaning given the term in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.
(2) Wildfire.—The term "wildfire" has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act (42 U.S.C. 1856m).
(3) Wildfire suppression.—The term "wildfire suppression" means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.

History

(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title III, §382(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3320.)

Editorial Notes

Historical and Revision Notes
The criminal provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, sections 703–711 of title 16, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Conservation, and the Migratory Bird Conservation Act, sections 715–715r of title 16, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Conservation, were considered for inclusion in this chapter. Since these provisions, except parts of sections 704–707 of said title 16, are so inextricably interwoven with the Migratory Bird Acts, it was found advisable to exclude them.

Editorial Notes

Amendments
2020—Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title X, §1003(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2156, struck out item 46 "Transportation of water hyacinths".
2019—Pub. L. 116–72, §2(b), Nov. 25, 2019, 133 Stat. 1152, substituted "Animal crushing" for "Animal crush videos" in item 48.
2010—Pub. L. 111–294, §3(b), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3179, substituted "Animal crush videos" for "Depiction of animal cruelty" in item 48.
2007—Pub. L. 110–22, §2(b), May 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 88, added item 49.
2006—Pub. L. 109–374, §2(b), Nov. 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 2655, substituted "Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises" for "Animal enterprise terrorism" in item 43.
1999—Pub. L. 106–152, §1(b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1732, added item 48.
1992—Pub. L. 102–346, §2(b), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 929, which directed the general amendment of item 43, was executed by adding item 43 to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because item 43 had been previously struck out by Pub. L. 101–647. See 1990 Amendment note below.
1990—Pub. L. 101–647, title XII, §1206(b), title XXXV, §3506, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4832, 4922, substituted "Importation or shipment of injurious mammals, birds, fish (including mollusks and crustacea), amphibia, and reptiles; permits, specimens for museums; regulations" for "Importation of injurious animals and birds; permits; specimens for museums" in item 42, struck out item 43 "Transportation or importation in violation of state, national, or foreign laws", item 44 "Marking packages or containers", and item 45 "Capturing or killing carrier pigeons", and inserted "; pollution of watering holes" after "burros" in item 47.
1959—Pub. L. 86–234, §1(b), Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 470, added item 47.
1956—Act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 825, §2(b), 70 Stat. 798, amended chapter heading to include reference to "Plants" and added item 46.